Showing posts with label Practical Principles. Show all posts

There are 2 distinct approaches to knowledge, each one corresponding to a different intellectual tendency, and each one corresponding to a different branch of academe.
The problem of which approach to use is most sharply felt in the social sciences.


Nomothetic (Objective=Generic)
  1. Based on what Kant described as a tendency to generalize and is typical for the natural sciences
  2. Certain general properties or behaviour according to general rules rather than specific properties.
  3. Describes the effort to derive laws that explain types or categoriesof objective phenomena, in general.
  4. Describes the study of classes or cohorts of individuals. 
  5. The subject is seen as an exemplar of a population and their corresponding personality traits and behaviors.
  6. In sociology, this model tries to find independent variables that account for the variations in a given phenomenon. (e.g. What is the relationship between timing/frequency of childbirth and education). 
  7. Explanations are probabilistic and usually incomplete.

Idiographic (Subjective=Unique)
  1. Based on what Kant described as a tendency to specify and is typical for the humanities
  2. Describes the effort to understand the meaning of contingent, unique, and often cultural or subjective phenomena.
  3. In psychology, it describes the study of the individual, who is seen as a unique agent with a unique life history, with properties setting him/her apart from other individuals (see idiographic image). 
  4. A common method to study these unique characteristics is an (auto)biography, i.e. a narrative that recounts the unique sequence of events that made the person who she is.
  5. In sociology, this model focuses on a complete, in-depth understanding of a single case (e.g. Why do I not have any children).


Reference -

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomothetic_and_idiographic

Here are all the factors to consider when you want to build the best SW/HW product:


Software Specific Factors:

  1. Idle non-operational time/cost
  2. Safety
  3. Low energy use
  4. Consumer friendly/facing
  5. Elegant / classy
  6. Upgradable / improvable
  7. Cost effective
  8. Simple to build/repair/use
  9. Minimal steps for daily use
  10. Sustainable long term
  11. Deployable to customers
  12. Faster/better/cheaper than competitors
  13. Growing Large scale application
  14. Kid friendly/safe
  15. Disabled friendly/accommodating
  16. Scalable growth
  17. Untapped market for all new technologies
  18. Life cycle
  19. Variables
  20. Competive pricing


Hardware Specific Factors:

  1. Low noise & heat (waste)
  2. Transport friendly
  3. Security features - camera, etc
  4. Extended lifespan
  5. Operating temp
  6. Refill ability for most failed parts
  7. Rugged External protection
  8. Environment-friendly


AspectGerman ManagersAmerican ManagersIndian/Asian Managers
Decision-MakingStructured, thorough analysis before decisions; risk-averse.Fast-paced, value speed and agility, even with limited data.Hierarchical with top-down decision-making; collective consensus sometimes sought in larger teams.
HierarchyClear structure, respect for authority. Decisions often centralized.Flatter hierarchy, encourages individual initiative and open dialogue.Strong respect for hierarchy and seniority. Younger employees may have limited influence on decisions.
Communication StyleDirect and candid, with little emphasis on cushioning criticism.Diplomatic, polite, and often positive, focusing on morale.Indirect and polite to avoid confrontation. High-context communication, with implied meanings.
Work-Life BalanceClear separation of work and personal life. Efficiency within work hours.Fluid boundaries, expectation of availability beyond work hours.Flexible, but long hours are common, particularly in tech and business sectors. Personal sacrifices are often expected.
Risk-TakingRisk-averse, focusing on stability and long-term planning.Open to risk-taking, focusing on innovation, even with failure.Conservative, especially in traditional industries. More risk-tolerant in tech and entrepreneurial sectors.
Leadership StyleLeadership through technical expertise and competence.Leadership through vision, charisma, and motivation.Paternalistic leadership, with strong guidance from authority figures. Relationships and hierarchy are crucial.
Collaboration & TeamsStructured team dynamics, clear roles. Decision-making is more formal.Collaborative, encourages individual contributions, promotes creativity.Encourages teamwork with respect for hierarchy. Junior members defer to senior management in formal settings.
Employee ExpectationsEmphasizes technical skills and precision. Rewards reliability and thoroughness.Values creativity, initiative, and innovation. Rewards quick problem-solving.Prioritizes loyalty and long-term commitment. Emphasizes respect for authority and academic qualifications.
Collective ApproachIndividual responsibility is emphasized, though team input is valued.Individual initiative and innovation are key, though collaboration is encouraged.Collective decision-making in larger organizations, but final decisions are usually made by senior management.
High Power DistanceModerate power distance, clear but not overly rigid hierarchies.Low power distance, more egalitarian and open to dialogue across all levels.High power distance, with significant gaps between management and employees. Informal interaction across levels is rare.
AdaptabilityFocused on long-term, structured change, with an emphasis on stability.Highly adaptable, willing to pivot quickly in response to changing conditions.Highly adaptable, especially in balancing Western methods with traditional values. Flexibility in a diverse business landscape.
Long-Term RelationshipsBusiness relationships focus on reliability, quality, and expertise.Relationships are often transactional, focused on immediate performance and results.Strong emphasis on long-term relationships, trust, and loyalty, often prioritized over short-term outcomes.
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